The modern world of Podcasts is very different from the original idea that lead to their creation. In a time when the web was much more decentralized, RSS was a valuable tool to connect creators with consumers. Finding an interesting blog or news site that published an RSS feed made it much easier to read their content especially in a time when dial-up was still very much a thing for many internet users. I remember, back in the early 2000s, subscribing to RSS feeds and dialing in long enough to refresh my RSS reader and then disconnecting again to read through everything it had grabbed for me.

At that time, transferring large video or audio files across the web was much more time consuming than it is now. If there was a way to marry these two things together, a simple RSS feed and multimedia, more people would be able to access content without time consuming downloads or tying up phone lines.

So What Even is RSS?

Really Simple Syndication, or RSS¹, is an XML document that provides a computer-readable way to check for newly published content. A simple RSS file might look like this:

<rss version="2.0">
    <channel>
        <title>brb3.org</title>
        <link>https://brb3.org/</link>
        <item>
            <title>Podcasting and Cryptocurrency</title>
            <link>https://brb3.org/post/2023/11/14/podcasting-and-cryptocurrency/</link>
            <description>
                The modern world of Podcasts is very different from the original idea that lead to their creation.
            </description>
        </item>
    </channel>
</rss>

This can be generated automatically by the site’s software (like Hugo does for this site – ok, that’s an Atom feed, but we’re talking about RSS and they serve the same purpose, bear with me here) and easily consumed by an application that can parse XML. The entire article contents can be included, or just a description (like you see here). Additionally, and this is where the magic for podcasts happen, a media file can be included with an <enclosure> tag.

Through this mechanism, just a simple XML file, a user’s power on the Web is greatly increased by an RSS Reader (RIP Google Reader). No longer does a user need to check 10 sites every morning for new content, or scour through Reddit boards, or check YouTube, or anything else. The act of opening the RSS Reader and telling it to fetch all your feeds can quickly give you an overview of what’s new, and what you might want to read.

I understand that in a time where driving site traffic for advertisers is seen as more important than providing good content that allowing the user to check without visiting is a bad thing. But in this post I hope to explain how now, through a Value4Value system (more on this later) and the building blocks set in place over 20 years ago, we can reclaim this better Web.

The Tale of the <enclosure>

Back to that <enclosure> tag. In 2000, Adam Curry described a problem to Dave Winer and set in motion the changes that eventually created podcasting.

From my understanding, the problem was described as the “click-wait system”. Where a user wants to watch a video, so they click… and they wait… And then they can watch the video. Again, at a time when internet connectivity speeds were much slower, this could mean several minutes of waiting for a video that’s very short and low quality.

But adding an <enclosure> tag to RSS would mean that an <item> could describe media files.

    <item>
        <title>brb3 podcast Episode 1</title>
        <link>https://example.com/brb3/episode1</link>
        <enclosure url="https://example.com/brb3/episode1.mp3" length="12345" type="audio/mpeg" />
        <description>The first episode of my pretend podcast that doesn't exist</description>
    </item>

Now your RSS reader (or a purpose made podcast application), can fetch those files for you before you know you want them. It could be scheduled to check periodically in the background or at a time of day when you are not likely to be using your internet connection. Then you click and are immediately listening or watching or whatever the media file contains.

Today, this is how Podcast apps work. If you have Podverse installed on your phone, for example, when it refreshes your subscriptions it is just reading RSS files and presenting you with the results.

Advertisers and Podcasting: It’s a profit deal

If you currently listen to podcasts, you’ll know that the overwhelming majority are monetized through advertising. It’s hard to listen to a podcast (or watch a YouTube video for that matter) without hearing about:

• Some fancy new underwear!
• An electric razor you must have or no one will love you
• AUDIBLE
• Generic VPN service #82

Advertising makes us unhappy, causes creators to self-censor, and drives consumerism.

The listeners of these podcasts are constantly bombarded by these advertisements to the point that they probably don’t even hear them anymore. They are just subconsciously consumed and live rent-free. Imagine if the content creator’s words and ideas were their own. If the consequence of free speech wasn’t dictated by brand safety guidelines but instead by the audience of the creator.

This happens now in many places, but most often on places like Twitch in a limited way. Twitch does sell advertising on their platform, but users can subscribe to a Twitch creator (for $5/mo) so that they don’t see advertising on that creator’s stream. This provides direct funding from the consumer -> Twitch -> creator. There are still guidelines of what is acceptable on Twitch, but a creator doesn’t have to worry about accidentally saying they prefer Pepsi over Coke, or some other cardinal sin that could threaten their livelihood simply by mentioning the wrong company or otherwise stepping outside the narrow band of acceptable opinions that an advertiser wishes to be associated with.

In the case of Twitch: Twitch is providing a service through both hosting a stream (and all the technical problems that come with it) but also providing discoverability of streams for the consumer. In a more idealistic Web, the streamer should be able to stream without a corporate entity between them and their subscribers (which also takes ~50% of subscription revenue). But that’s a tangent for another blog post (in 3 more years, probably).

Podcasting 2.0

Revisiting our earlier character of Adam Curry, he currently is working with two different initiatives that bring this all together for podcasts:

1. Podcast Index - A free, searchable index of millions of podcasts
2. Value4Value - A monetization avenue for creators

The Podcast Index provides a way for content creators to easily add their feed to a public index. Developers can then query the feed² to provide users with a way to quickly find podcasts that are relevant to their interests.

With Value4Value, the concept is to ask the consumer (the listener, the viewer, etc) to give back value for the value they receive by consuming the creator’s content. This works. Consumers want to pay for something, but can’t always do so. If you give it away and ask for some kind of value in return (money primarily, but also expertise, etc) some consumers will respond by paying. Granted, the amount of consumers that do this is going to be small, but compared to advertising CPM, this could result in more value per consumer than the “traditional” advertising monetization route.

(Sidebar: Twitch provides a way for viewers to directly donate to a creator via “bits”, which is halfway there)

Where these two pieces collide is in Podcasting 2.0. Through a namespace maintained by Podcast Index, the RSS spec is extended to provide additional podcast-specific tags³. A compliant podcast client application can now pay attention to a <podcast:value> tag in the RSS feed, for example (from the docs):

<podcast:value
    type="lightning"
    method="keysend"
    suggested="0.00000005000"
></podcast:value>

This tells the client that the podcast accepts value from the listener via the Lightning network (a Bitcoin network) with a suggested amount of 0.00000005000 BTC (or 5 Satoshi, $0.0018 USD at time of writing). Inside that tag, recipients can be added (again, from the docs):

  <podcast:valueRecipient
      name="Alice (Podcaster)"
      type="node"
      address="02d5c1bf8b940dc9cadca86d1b0a3c37fbe39cee4c7e839e33bef9174531d27f52"
      split="40"
  />
  <podcast:valueRecipient
      name="Bob (Podcaster)"
      type="node"
      address="032f4ffbbafffbe51726ad3c164a3d0d37ec27bc67b29a159b0f49ae8ac21b8508"
      split="40"
  />
  <podcast:valueRecipient
      name="Carol (Producer)"
      type="node"
      address="02dd306e68c46681aa21d88a436fb35355a8579dd30201581cefa17cb179fc4c15"
      split="15"
  />
  <podcast:valueRecipient
      name="Hosting Provider"
      type="node"
      address="03ae9f91a0cb8ff43840e3c322c4c61f019d8c1c3cea15a25cfc425ac605e61a4a"
      split="5"
      fee="true"
  />

Now, if you have a wallet connected to your podcast client, you can “boost” (a word used to describe a donation or tip) the creators directly from your wallet. If you really liked this episode and want to give $1 USD, that’s as simple as pressing a button in the podcast client, entering the amount (~2,800 Satoshi) and sending it. The podcast client takes care of the work of setting up the proper transactions (using the address and split values) on your behalf.

Once you get past the initial friction of subscribing to the feed, which is made easier with Podcast Index, and have a wallet connected to your podcast client⁴, it is very easy to boost podcasts.

The missing piece

Ok, I’m trying to tie this all together with an idea that I’ve been chewing on that relies on a resurgence of RSS feeds across the web (which might be better served by Atom, but regardless).

If we expanded this specification out a bit more to allow a <channel> to have a <channel:value>, we could provide this same Value4Value model to written articles or news stories, or whatever. Imagine reading this article in an RSS reader and saying “well at least he tried” and throwing 5 Satoshi my way. But expand that out further.

Imagine your local newspaper published an RSS feed and you could read the articles and configure your RSS Reader to “subscribe” by sending $10/mo. Scale that up to national media outlets and the impact of advertising on our day-to-days could be significantly reduced if we distribute the cost of creation among the audience willing to support those creators.

It is my belief that given the correct platform where users can subscribe to feeds, read content, and interact with each other, this could be the new norm. Stay tuned for when I release that platform at some point before the heat death of the universe (hopefully).